Solar facades are increasingly becoming a smart and attractive solution, especially as more buildings move toward clean energy. Instead of just installing solar panels on roofs, architects and building owners are now utilizing building walls to generate power. This is where the BIPV vs BAPV debate comes in.
The two systems enable buildings to generate renewable energy, yet they operate differently and serve different purposes. The debate on whether to use BIPV or BAPV is not purely a technical matter. It also influences design, cost, performance, and the appearance and functionality of a building.
This article elaborates the distinction between BIPV and BAPV in simple terms. It will help you understand how each system operates, when to apply it, and how to select the appropriate solar facade system for your project.
What Is a Solar Facade System?
A solar facade system uses solar panels on a building’s exterior walls to generate electricity. These panels may form a part of the construction design or be attached to an existing structure. Solar facade systems are widely applied in commercial buildings, offices, schools, and modern residential buildings.
Facade solar panels have vertical or angled surfaces, unlike rooftop solar. This makes them practical in urban areas where roof space is scarce. The architecture of solar panel facades also allows designers greater freedom to integrate energy generation with aesthetics.
Today, there are two predominant systems of a solar facade. These include building-applied photovoltaics and building-integrated photovoltaics. They are generally referred to as BAPV and BIPV.
Understanding Building Applied Photovoltaics
Building-applied photovoltaics, also known as BAPV, are solar panels installed on an existing building. These panels do not substitute building materials. Instead, they are attached to the existing walls or facades.
BAPV solar panels are similar to conventional solar panels. They are secured with frames or brackets and are slightly detached from the building surface. As a result, they can be easily installed and replaced.
BAPV solar systems are popular among many individuals when upgrading existing buildings. BAPV solar facade enables building owners to incorporate renewable energy without significant structural alterations.
What Is BAPV Solar Used For ?
BAPV solar is usually applied in retrofit projects. In situations where an exterior is already complete, and the aim is to install solar energy quickly, BAPV solar panels are the more viable option.
A BAPV solar facade is also applicable when the budget is a major concern. These panels are standard products and therefore tend to be cheaper compared to full integrated systems.
Property owners who prefer renewable power but are less interested in architectural aesthetics often opt for BAPV solar panels due to their reliability and familiarity.
Understanding Building Integrated Photovoltaics
Integrated photovoltaics, or BIPV, are built in a very different manner. BIPV systems occupy part of the building envelope rather than being attached to it. This may include walls, facades, cladding, or even windows.
The photovoltaic solar panel facade serves both as part of the building envelope and as an energy source in a BIPV system. This combination allows BIPV systems to serve as both building envelope material and power generator.
BIPV is also frequently used in new buildings or large-scale renovations, where there is greater design flexibility. Solar panel facade architecture is a significant aspect of BIPV projects, as the panels form part of the building’s visual identity.
BIPV and BAPV: The Core Difference
The fundamental difference between BIPV and BAPV lies in integration.
- BAPV systems are applied to buildings
- BIPV systems are designed as part of the building
BAPV can be thought of as an energy add-on, whereas BIPV is a fully integrated facade solution. This distinction influences everything from aesthetics and durability to lifecycle value and facade performance.
As building codes, sustainability targets, and architectural expectations continue to evolve, this difference becomes increasingly important.
Design and Architectural Integration
One of the most significant advantages of BIPV lies in design flexibility and integration. A BIPV solar facade can be customized in size, finish, colour, and transparency, allowing it to align seamlessly with the architectural vision.
Rather than appearing as mounted panels, BIPV systems read as intentional facade elements. This makes them particularly attractive for corporate headquarters, institutional buildings, and projects where branding and architectural expression matter.
BAPV systems, by contrast, retain a more utilitarian appearance. While effective from an energy standpoint, they typically remain visually distinct from the original facade and offer limited design adaptability.
Performance and Energy Output Differences
BIPV and BAPV systems produce clean electricity, and their functionality may differ depending on design and location.
BAPV installations allow flexibility in panel placement and tilt, which can support strong energy output in certain applications. Similarly, BIPV systems are integrated directly into the building envelope, combining energy generation with architectural function. While placement is guided by design requirements, advances in BIPV technology have significantly improved efficiency and real-world performance.
In a performance comparison between BIPV vs BAPV, the system design is more important than the technology.
Cost Considerations: BAPV vs BIPV
BAPV systems typically involve lower upfront costs because they use standardized products and simpler mounting methods. This makes them attractive for short-term or budget-constrained retrofit projects.
BIPV systems often require a higher initial investment. However, this cost must be viewed in context. Because BIPV panels replace traditional facade materials, they offset construction costs while delivering energy generation, durability, and long-term performance.
Over the lifespan of the building, a well-designed BIPV facade can provide greater value through reduced material redundancy, enhanced envelope performance, and long-term aesthetic durability.
Installation and Project Planning
BAPV solar panels can also be installed easily and more quickly, particularly on existing buildings. This makes BAPV solar suitable for retrofit projects with constrained timelines.
BIPV requires more planning. Since the system exists within the building envelope, architects, engineers, and facade experts need to collaborate from the earliest stages of design.
Although BIPV projects require greater coordination, they usually yield a cleaner, more integrated final product.
Serviceability, Modularity, and Longevity
Serviceability is often misunderstood when comparing BIPV and BAPV systems. While BAPV panels are externally accessible, modern BIPV systems are also designed with modularity and long-term maintenance in mind.
High-performance BIPV solutions such as Solstex® are engineered so that individual facade panels can be removed or serviced without disturbing the overall system. This modular approach supports long-term facade performance while maintaining architectural integrity.
Rather than framing maintenance around failure or damage, BIPV systems are best understood as durable facade assemblies designed to perform reliably over the building’s lifespan.
When BAPV Solar Makes the Most Sense
BAPV solar is suitable for existing buildings wanting to add renewable energy without major changes. It also works well for projects with tight budgets or simpler designs.
BAPV solar panels will be a viable option when the primary objective is energy generation and rapid installation.
When BIPV Is the Better Option
BIPV can be used in new buildings or major renovations, where design and sustainability are of utmost concern. A BIPV solar facade enables buildings to generate energy while retaining a clean, modern look.
BIPV is usually more advantageous in projects that are centred on innovation, branding, and long-term value.
Choosing the Right Solar Facade System
BIPV/BAPV is a decision that is based on your project objectives, budget, schedule and design vision. The two systems embrace clean energy and minimize environmental impact.
It is important to understand the distinction between building-applied photovoltaics and building-integrated photovoltaics to ensure you choose the appropriate solution.
A trusted facade partner will help you with this decision and plan a solar facade system that meets both performance and aesthetic requirements.
The Role of Solar Panel Facade Architecture
Solar panel facade architecture is not all about energy. It concerns the partnership between technology and design. The idea behind using BIPV and BAPV is to make buildings more efficient, durable, and visually appealing.
The use of modern facade solar panels enables architects to think differently about sustainability. Rather than concealing solar systems, they are incorporated into the building’s identity.
Conclusion: Making the Right Choice for Your Building
The BIPV vs BAPV discussion is not about choosing a winner—it is about selecting the right solution for the right context.
BAPV provides flexibility and speed for retrofit scenarios. BIPV delivers integration, longevity, and long-term value as part of a high-performance facade system.
For projects focused on architectural quality, envelope performance, and future-ready design, BIPV represents a more complete and enduring solution.
If you are planning a solar facade project and need expert guidance, Elemex can help. Our team specializes in advanced facade systems, including Solstex® BIPV solutions designed to balance performance, durability, and architectural integration. Whether you are evaluating applied solar options or exploring a fully integrated photovoltaic facade, Elemex works closely with architects and developers to deliver smart, sustainable building envelopes.
If you would like to learn more about Solar BIPV, please contact an Elemex representative.